Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Benzophenone Oxime Derived from Benzophenone and Hydroxylamine and Its Metal(II) Complexes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64229/81kqks88Keywords:
Oxime ligand, Transition metal complexes, Coordination chemistry, Antimicrobial activity, Bioinorganic chemistryAbstract
The synthesis of benzophenone oxime was done through the reaction of benzophenone with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and complexed with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) chlorides to produce the corresponding Metal(II) complexes. This ligand was produced in 87.43%, and its melting point is 128 °C, and the complexes were obtained in 60-75% yield with decomposition temperatures of 162-178 °C, which showed great thermal stability. The elemental analyses indicated a ligand-to-metal ratio of 2:1, and the values of molar conductance (13.27-29.63 cm² mol-¹) indicated non-electrolytic behavior. The analysis of FTIR spectra revealed a C=N stretch at 1655 cm-¹ in the ligand, which changed to 1595-1654 cm-¹ in the complexes, with the new bands appearing at 430-506 cm-¹, indicating N,O-coordination. Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes were found to be paramagnetic with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), whereas Zn(II) and Cd(II) were found to be diamagnetic. The ligand exhibited π→π* transitions at 250-320 nm and n→π* transitions at 350-370 nm in the UV-vis spectra, and bathochromic shifts occurred in all the complexes. Mn(II) demonstrated the d-to-d bands at 400-600 nm, whereas Co and Cu resembled the ligand with broader bands at 500-600 nm, which can be attributed to d-to-d and ligand-to-metal charge transfer, respectively. Zn and Cd resembled the ligand, which is expected in the d10 kind of configurations. TGA showed an increase in thermal stability of all complexes with increased residual masses at 800 °C, indicating the formation of stable metal oxides. Antimicrobial activity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) , Escherichia coli (E. coli), Candida albicans (C. albicans), and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) indicated that complexes were more active than the free ligand. These results indicate the thermal stability of the complexes and possible pharmaceutical use, which awaits toxicity testing.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Jari, Junaidu Na'aliya, Ansar Bilyaminu Adam, Raymond Bwano Donatus, Ataitiya Hyelalibiya (Author)
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